The largest and most expansive of Odisha's celebrated Buddhist Diamond Triangle, Udayagiri flourished as a major centre of Buddhist learning between the 7th and 12th centuries CE. Spread across scenic hills, the site comprises two grand monastic establishments—Simhaprastha Mahavihara and Madhavapura Mahavihara—along with numerous stupas, shrines and terraced structures that reveal the scale and sophistication of ancient Buddhist academia. Much of the complex was systematically excavated only in 1985, making it one of the region's most significant archaeological discoveries in recent decades. Its serene landscape, layered history and continuing archaeological importance make Udayagiri an essential destination for pilgrims, history enthusiasts and travellers exploring Odisha's rich Buddhist heritage.